Polycrystalline diamondi yaying'ono (PDC) ndi PDC kubowola bits zakhala zikudziwika pamsika kwazaka makumi angapo. Munthawi yayitali iyi PDC cutter ndi PDC drill bit akumana ndi zopinga zambiri koyambirira kwawo, adakumananso ndi chitukuko chachikulu. Pang'onopang'ono koma pomaliza, ma bits a PDC pang'onopang'ono adalowa m'malo mwa ma cone ndikuwongolera mosalekeza mu chodula cha PDC, kukhazikika pang'ono, ndi kapangidwe kake ka hydraulic. Ma bits a PDC tsopano atenga zoposa 90% ya zojambula zonse padziko lapansi.
PDC Cutter idapangidwa koyamba ndi General Electric (GE) mu 1971. Odula PDC oyamba pamakampani amafuta ndi gasi adachitika mu 1973 ndipo ali ndi zaka 3 zoyeserera ndikuyesa kumunda, adayambitsidwa malonda mu 1976 atatsimikiziridwa zambiri. yothandiza kuposa kuphwanya zochita za mabatani a carbide.
Kale, mawonekedwe a PDC cutter ndi awa: nsonga yozungulira ya carbide, (m'mimba mwake 8.38mm, makulidwe 2.8mm), ndi wosanjikiza wa diamondi ( makulidwe a 0.5mm popanda chamfer padziko). Panthawiyo, panalinso chodulira cha "slug system" cha Compax PDC. Mapangidwe a chodulira ichi anali motere: PDC compax weld to cemented carbide slug kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyiyika pa chitsulo chobowola chitsulo, potero kubweretsa kumasuka kwakukulu kwa wopanga kubowola.
Mu 1973, GE adayesa PDC yake yoyambirira pachitsime m'dera la King Ranch kumwera kwa Texas. Pa kuyesa pobowola ndondomeko, kuyeretsa vuto pang'ono ankaona kuti alipo. Mano atatu analephera pa mfundo yolimba, ndipo mano ena awiri anathyoka pamodzi ndi mbali ya tungsten carbide. Pambuyo pake, kampaniyo idayesa kubowola kwachiwiri kudera la Hudson ku Colorado. Kubowola uku kwasintha mawonekedwe a hydraulic pavuto loyeretsa. Bityo yachita bwino kwambiri pamapangidwe a sandstone-shale ndi liwiro loboola mwachangu. Koma pali zopatuka zingapo panjira yomwe idakonzedwa pakubowola, ndipo kutayika pang'ono kwa odula a PDC kudachitikabe chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwachiwombankhanga.
Mu April 1974, kabowo kachitatu kanayesedwa m'dera la San Juan ku Utah, USA. Kang'ono kakang'ono kameneka kamapangitsa kuti mano apangidwe bwino komanso mawonekedwe ake. Kang'ono kamene kanalowa m'malo mwa zitsulo zachitsulo m'chitsime chapafupi, koma mphunoyo inagwa ndipo pang'onoyo inawonongeka. Panthawi imeneyo, zinkaganiziridwa kuti zidzachitika pafupi ndi mapeto a kubowola kuti apange mapangidwe olimba, kapena vuto lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kugwa kwa nozzle.
Kuyambira 1974 mpaka 1976, makampani osiyanasiyana obowola ndi amalonda adawunika kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa PDC cutter. Mavuto ambiri omwe analipo anali okhudza kafukufuku. Zotsatira za kafukufuku woterewu zidaphatikizidwa m'mano a Stratapax PDC, omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi GE mu Disembala 1976.
Kusintha kwa dzina kuchokera ku Compax kupita ku Stratapax kunathandizira kuthetsa chisokonezo m'makampani ang'onoang'ono pakati pa ma bits okhala ndi tungsten carbide compacts, ndi diamondi Compax.
M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 90, anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri teknoloji ya chamfering pa PDC kudula mano, teknoloji ya multichamfer inakhazikitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a patent mu 1995. akhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 100%.
M'zaka za m'ma 1980, onse a GE Company (USA) ndi Sumitomo Company (Japan) adaphunzira kuchotsa cobalt pamalo ogwirira ntchito a mano a PDC kuti mano agwire bwino ntchito. Koma sanapeze chipambano chamalonda. Tekinoloje ina idapangidwanso ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Hycalog (USA). Zinatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati zitsulo zachitsulo zingathe kuchotsedwa pamphepete mwambewu, kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa mano a PDC kudzakhala bwino kwambiri kotero kuti pang'onopang'ono akhoza kubowola bwino muzinthu zolimba komanso zowonongeka. Ukadaulo wochotsa cobaltwu umathandizira kukana kwa mano a PDC m'miyala yolimba kwambiri ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma PDC bits.
Kuyambira mu 2000, kugwiritsa ntchito ma bits a PDC kwakula mwachangu. Mapangidwe omwe sakanatha kubowoledwa ndi ma PDC bits pang'onopang'ono amatha kubowoleredwa mwachuma komanso modalirika ndi ma PDC drill bits.
Pofika mchaka cha 2004, pobowola, ndalama zogulira PDC zidatenga pafupifupi 50%, ndipo mtunda wobowola udafika pafupifupi 60%. Kukula kumeneku kukupitirirabe mpaka lero. Pafupifupi zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola ku North America ndi ma PDC bits.
Mwachidule, kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 70s ndikukula pang'onopang'ono, ocheka a PDC pang'onopang'ono alimbikitsa kukula kosalekeza kwa makampani obowola pofufuza mafuta ndi gasi ndikukumba. Zotsatira zaukadaulo wa PDC pakubowola ndi zazikulu.
Otsatira atsopano pamsika wamano apamwamba a PDC odula, komanso makampani akuluakulu obowola, akupitiliza kutsogolera kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso kwazinthu Zatsopano ndi njira zopangira kuti magwiridwe antchito a PDC odula mano ndi ma PDC kubowola apitirire patsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-07-2023