Ma drill bits a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) ndi PDC akhala akugulitsidwa pamsika kwa zaka zambiri. Pa nthawi yayitaliyi, ma PDC cutter ndi PDC drill bit akhala akukumana ndi zovuta zambiri kumayambiriro kwawo, komanso akukula bwino. Pang'onopang'ono, ma PDC bits pang'onopang'ono adasintha ma cone bits ndikusintha kosalekeza kwa PDC cutter, bit stability, ndi bit hydraulic structure. Ma PDC bits tsopano ali ndi zoposa 90% ya ma footage onse obowola padziko lonse lapansi.
Chodulira cha PDC chinapangidwa koyamba ndi General Electric (GE) mu 1971. Chodulira choyamba cha PDC cha makampani amafuta ndi gasi chinapangidwa mu 1973 ndipo ndi zaka zitatu zoyesera komanso kuyesa m'munda, chinayambitsidwa m'malonda mu 1976 pambuyo poti chatsimikizika kuti chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuposa kuphwanya mabatani a carbide.
Kale, kapangidwe ka chodulira cha PDC kali motere: nsonga yozungulira ya carbide, (m'mimba mwake 8.38mm, makulidwe 2.8mm), ndi wosanjikiza wa diamondi (makulidwe 0.5mm opanda chamfer pamwamba). Panthawiyo, panalinso chodulira cha Compax "slug system" PDC. Kapangidwe ka chodulira ichi kanali motere: chodulira cha PDC compax ku slug ya carbide yopangidwa ndi simenti kuti chikhale chosavuta kuyika pa drill bit yachitsulo, motero kubweretsa mosavuta kwa wopanga drill bit.
Mu 1973, GE idayesa chidutswa chake choyambirira cha PDC pachitsime m'dera la King Ranch kum'mwera kwa Texas. Panthawi yoyesa kuboola, vuto loyeretsa chidutswacho linkaganiziridwa kuti linalipo. Mano atatu adalephera pa cholumikizira cha brazed, ndipo mano ena awiri adasweka pamodzi ndi gawo la tungsten carbide. Pambuyo pake, kampaniyo idayesa chidutswa china cha braze m'dera la Hudson ku Colorado. Choboola ichi chasintha kapangidwe ka hydraulic pa vuto loyeretsa. Choboolachi chapeza ntchito yabwino kwambiri m'mapangidwe a miyala yamchenga ndi shale ndi liwiro loboola mwachangu. Koma pali kusiyana kosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku njira yokonzedweratu ya borehole panthawi yoboola, ndipo kutayika pang'ono kwa zodulira za PDC kudachitikabe chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwa brazing.
Mu Epulo 1974, bowola lachitatu linayesedwa kudera la San Juan ku Utah, USA. Bowola ili lasintha kapangidwe ka dzino ndi mawonekedwe ake. Bowolo linalowa m'malo mwa zingwe zachitsulo zomwe zinali m'chitsime chapafupi, koma nozzle inagwa ndipo chobowolacho chinawonongeka. Panthawiyo, zinkaganiziridwa kuti chimachitika kumapeto kwa kubowola kuti pakhale cholimba, kapena vuto lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha nozzle yomwe inagwa.
Kuyambira mu 1974 mpaka 1976, makampani osiyanasiyana obowola zinthu ndi amalonda adayesa kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa makina odulira zinthu a PDC. Mavuto ambiri omwe analipo anali okhudza kafukufuku. Zotsatira za kafukufuku woterewu zidaphatikizidwa mu mano a Stratapax PDC, omwe adayambitsidwa ndi GE mu Disembala 1976.
Kusintha dzina kuchokera ku Compax kupita ku Stratapax kunathandiza kuthetsa chisokonezo chomwe chinalipo mumakampani opanga ma bit pakati pa ma bits okhala ndi tungsten carbide compacts, ndi diamond Compax.
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 90, anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ukadaulo wa chamfering pa mano odulira a PDC, ukadaulo wa chamfering wambiri unagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati patent mu 1995. Ngati ukadaulo wa chamfering ugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, kukana kwa mano odulira a PDC kungawonjezeke ndi 100%.
Mu zaka za m'ma 1980, kampani ya GE (USA) ndi kampani ya Sumitomo (Japan) zinaphunzira za kuchotsa cobalt pamalo ogwirira ntchito a mano a PDC kuti akonze magwiridwe antchito a manowo. Koma sanapambane pamalonda. Ukadaulo wina unapangidwanso ndipo unapatsidwa patent ndi Hycalog (USA). Zinatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati chitsulocho chingachotsedwe pamalo olakwika, kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa mano a PDC kudzasintha kwambiri kuti chidutswacho chikhoze kuboola bwino m'mapangidwe olimba komanso okhwima. Ukadaulo uwu wochotsa cobalt umathandiza kuti mano a PDC asawonongeke m'mapangidwe olimba kwambiri komanso okhwima komanso umakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa zidutswa za PDC.
Kuyambira mu 2000, kugwiritsa ntchito ma PDC bits kwakula mofulumira. Mapangidwe omwe sakanatha kubooledwa ndi ma PDC bits ayamba kutha kubooledwa pang'onopang'ono ndi ndalama komanso modalirika ndi ma PDC drill bits.
Pofika mu 2004, mumakampani opanga zinthu zobowola, ndalama zomwe zimapezedwa pamsika kuchokera ku zinthu zobowola za PDC zinali pafupifupi 50%, ndipo mtunda wobowola unafika pafupifupi 60%. Kukula kumeneku kukupitirirabe mpaka pano. Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola ku North America ndi zinthu zobowola za PDC.
Mwachidule, kuyambira pomwe idayambitsidwa m'ma 70s ndipo idakula pang'onopang'ono, odulira a PDC pang'onopang'ono alimbikitsa chitukuko chopitilira cha makampani obowola zinthu kuti afufuze ndi kubowola mafuta ndi gasi. Zotsatira za ukadaulo wa PDC pamakampani obowola ndi zazikulu.
Anthu atsopano omwe akuyamba ntchito pamsika wa mano odulira a PDC apamwamba, komanso makampani akuluakulu obowola, akupitilizabe kutsogolera kusintha ndi kupanga zinthu zatsopano komanso njira zopangira kuti magwiridwe antchito a mano odulira a PDC ndi zidutswa zobowola za PDC apitirire kukonzedwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-07-2023