Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuwunika kwamitundu ya PDC bit ROP ndi momwe mphamvu yamwala imagwirira ntchito?

Ndemanga

Kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta pakadali pano kwalimbikitsanso kutsindika pakuwongolera bwino pakubowola pofuna kupulumutsa nthawi pobowola zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Rate of penetration (ROP) modelling ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongola magawo obowola, monga kulemera pang'ono ndi liwiro lozungulira pobowola mwachangu. Ndi buku lachidziwitso, zonse zowonetsera deta ndi chida chowonetsera cha ROP chopangidwa ku Excel VBA, ROPPlotter, ntchitoyi ikufufuza machitidwe a chitsanzo ndi mphamvu ya thanthwe pa ma coefficients amitundu iwiri ya PDC Bit ROP: Hareland ndi Rampersad (1994) ndi Motahhari. ndi al. (2010). Awiri awa Chithunzi cha PDC Zitsanzo zimafaniziridwa ndi mlandu woyambira, ubale wa ROP wopangidwa ndi Bingham (1964) mumitundu itatu yosiyana yamchenga mugawo loyima la chitsime cha Bakken shale chopingasa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuyesa kwapangidwa kuti alekanitse mphamvu ya miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ROP coefficients pofufuza ma lithologies okhala ndi zoboola zofanana. Kuonjezera apo, kukambirana mozama za kufunikira kosankha malire oyenera a ma coefficients akuchitidwa. Mphamvu za miyala, zomwe zimawerengedwa muzojambula za Hareland ndi Motahhari koma osati za Bingham, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma coefficients ochulukirachulukira amitundu yakale, kuwonjezera pa kuwonjezereka kwa nthawi ya RPM kwa chitsanzo cha Motahhari. Mtundu wa Hareland ndi Rampersad ukuwoneka kuti ukuyenda bwino kwambiri mwa mitundu itatu yokhala ndi deta iyi. Kugwira ntchito ndi kutheka kwa machitidwe achikhalidwe a ROP akukayikira, chifukwa zitsanzo zotere zimadalira ma epirical coefficients omwe amaphatikiza zotsatira za zinthu zambiri zobowola zomwe sizimawerengedwera pamapangidwe achitsanzocho ndipo ndizosiyana ndi ma lithology.

Mawu Oyamba

Ma bits a PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi masiku ano. Kuchita pang'onopang'ono kumayesedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa malowedwe (ROP), kuwonetsa momwe chitsime chimabowoleredwa mwachangu malinga ndi kutalika kwa dzenje lomwe limabowoledwa pa nthawi ya unit. Kukhathamiritsa pakubowola kwakhala patsogolo pazantchito zamakampani opanga magetsi kwazaka zambiri, ndipo kumapeza kufunikira kwambiri pamitengo yotsika yamafuta (Hareland ndi Rampersad, 1994). Gawo loyamba pakuwongolera pobowola kuti apange ROP yabwino kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa njira yolondola yokhudzana ndi miyeso yomwe imapezeka pamtunda mpaka pakubowola.

Mitundu ingapo ya ROP, kuphatikiza mitundu yopangidwa makamaka yamtundu wina, idasindikizidwa m'mabuku. Mitundu ya ROP iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma coefficients angapo omwe amadalira ma lithology ndipo amatha kusokoneza kumvetsetsa kwa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa pobowola ndi kuchuluka kwa malowedwe. Cholinga cha phunziroli ndikuwunika momwe ma coefficients amagwirira ntchito ndi momwe ma coefficients amayankhira ku data yomwe ili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana oboola, makamaka mphamvu ya miyala, pawiri.Chithunzi cha PDC zitsanzo (Hareland ndi Rampersad, 1994, Motahhari et al., 2010). Ma coefficients ndi magwiridwe antchito amafananizidwanso ndi mtundu wa ROP (Bingham, 1964), ubale wosavuta womwe udakhala ngati mtundu woyamba wa ROP womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani onse ndipo ukugwiritsidwanso ntchito pano. Kubowola deta m'mipangidwe itatu yamchenga yokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zamatanthwe kumafufuzidwa, ndipo ma coefficients amitundu atatuwa amawerengedwa ndikufananizidwa ndi mnzake. Zimaganiziridwa kuti ma coefficients amitundu ya Hareland ndi Motahhari pamapangidwe aliwonse amiyala azitalikirana mokulirapo kuposa ma coefficient a Bingham, popeza kusiyanasiyana kwa thanthwe sikumawerengedwa momveka bwino pamapangidwe omaliza. Kuchita kwachitsanzo kumawunikidwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kusankha mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa ROP wa dera la Bakken shale ku North Dakota.

Mitundu ya ROP yomwe yaphatikizidwa m'ntchitoyi imakhala ndi ma equation osasinthika omwe amakhudzana ndi magawo angapo obowola ndi kuchuluka kwa kubowola ndipo amakhala ndi ma epirical coefficients omwe amaphatikiza mphamvu ya makina obowola molimba, monga ma hydraulic, cutter-rock interaction, bit. kapangidwe, makhalidwe apansi-dzenje msonkhano, mtundu matope, ndi kuyeretsa dzenje. Ngakhale mitundu yachikhalidwe ya ROP iyi nthawi zambiri sichita bwino poyerekeza ndi zomwe zachitika m'munda, imapereka mwayi wolowera njira zatsopano zopangira. Zitsanzo zamakono, zamphamvu kwambiri, zowerengera zowerengera zokhala ndi kusinthasintha kowonjezereka zingapangitse kulondola kwa ROP modeling. Gandelman (2012) wanena za kupititsa patsogolo kwakukulu mu ROP modelling pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde opangira ma neural m'malo mwa mitundu yachikhalidwe ya ROP m'zitsime zamafuta m'mabeseni amchere asanayambe kunyanja ku Brazil. Ma neural network a Artificial neural network amagwiritsidwanso ntchito bwino pakulosera kwa ROP muzolemba za Bilgesu et al. (1997), Moran et al. (2010) ndi Esmaeili et al. (2012). Komabe, kusintha kotereku kwa ROP modelling kumabwera chifukwa cha kutanthauzira kwachitsanzo. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yachikhalidwe ya ROP ikadali yofunikira ndipo imapereka njira yabwino yowunikira momwe gawo linalake la kubowola limakhudzira kuchuluka kwa kulowa.

ROPPlotter, mawonekedwe a data kumunda ndi mapulogalamu a ROP modelling opangidwa mu Microsoft Excel VBA (Soares, 2015), amagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera ma coefficients achitsanzo ndikufanizira magwiridwe antchito.