Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuwunika kwa mitundu ya PDC bit ROP ndi momwe mphamvu ya miyala imakhudzira ma coefficients amitundu?

Chidule

Mitengo yotsika yamafuta yomwe ilipo pano yawonjezeranso kufunikira kwa kukonza bwino ntchito yobowola kuti tisunge nthawi yobowola zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kuyesa kwa Rate of penetration (ROP) ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakukonza magawo obowola, monga kulemera kwa bit ndi liwiro lozungulira kuti njira zobowola ziyende mwachangu. Ndi chida chatsopano, chowonera deta chokha komanso chida chowongolera cha ROP chomwe chapangidwa mu Excel VBA, ROPPlotter, ntchitoyi ikufufuza momwe chitsanzo chimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mphamvu ya miyala imakhudzira ma coefficients a chitsanzo cha mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya PDC Bit ROP: Hareland ndi Rampersad (1994) ndi Motahhari et al. (2010). Awiriwa PDC bit Ma model amayerekezeredwa motsutsana ndi chitsanzo choyambirira, ubale wa ROP womwe unapangidwa ndi Bingham (1964) m'mapangidwe atatu osiyanasiyana a miyala yamchenga m'gawo loyima la chitsime cha Bakken shale chopingasa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuyesera kwapangidwa kuti kupeze zotsatira za mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za miyala pa ma model coefficients a ROP pofufuza ma lithologies okhala ndi magawo ofanana obowola. Kuphatikiza apo, kukambirana kwathunthu pakufunika kosankha malire oyenera a ma model coefficients kumachitika. Mphamvu ya miyala, yomwe imawerengedwa m'ma model a Hareland ndi Motahhari koma osati m'ma Bingham, imabweretsa kuchuluka kwa ma model coefficients ochulukirapo amitundu yakale, kuwonjezera pa RPM term exponent yowonjezera ya chitsanzo cha Motahhari. Chitsanzo cha Hareland ndi Rampersad chikuwonetsedwa kuti chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri mwa ma model atatu omwe ali ndi deta iyi. Kugwira ntchito bwino ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma model a ROP achikhalidwe kumakayikiridwa, chifukwa ma model otere amadalira ma electrolyte coefficients omwe amaphatikiza zotsatira za zinthu zambiri zobowola zomwe sizinawerengedwe mu kapangidwe ka chitsanzocho ndipo ndi apadera ku lithology inayake.

Chiyambi

Ma bits a PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobowola zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi masiku ano. Kuchita bwino kwa ma bits nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa ndi liwiro lolowera (ROP), chizindikiro cha momwe chitsimecho chimabowoledwera mwachangu malinga ndi kutalika kwa mabowo omwe amabowoledwa pa unit time. Kukonza bwino mabowo kwakhala patsogolo pa zolinga za makampani opanga mphamvu kwa zaka makumi ambiri tsopano, ndipo kukukhala kofunikira kwambiri panthawi yomwe mitengo yamafuta ili yotsika (Hareland ndi Rampersad, 1994). Gawo loyamba pakukonza magawo obowola kuti apange ROP yabwino kwambiri ndikupanga chitsanzo cholondola chogwirizana ndi miyeso yomwe imapezeka pamwamba pa chiŵerengero cha kubowola.

Ma model angapo a ROP, kuphatikizapo ma model omwe adapangidwira mtundu winawake wa bit, afalitsidwa m'mabuku. Ma model a ROP awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma electrolyte coefficients angapo omwe amadalira lithology ndipo amatha kusokoneza kumvetsetsa kwa ubale pakati pa ma parameter obowola ndi liwiro lolowera. Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu ndikusanthula momwe ma model coefficients amayankhira ku data yamunda yokhala ndi ma parameter osiyanasiyana obowola, makamaka mphamvu ya miyala, kwa awiri.PDC bit zitsanzo (Hareland ndi Rampersad, 1994, Motahhari et al., 2010). Ma coefficients a chitsanzo ndi magwiridwe antchito amayerekezeredwanso ndi chitsanzo cha ROP choyambirira (Bingham, 1964), ubale wosavuta womwe unakhala chitsanzo choyamba cha ROP chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani onse ndipo chikugwiritsidwabe ntchito pakadali pano. Deta yobowola m'mapangidwe atatu a miyala yamchenga yokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za miyala imafufuzidwa, ndipo ma coefficients a chitsanzo cha mitundu itatuyi amawerengedwa ndikuyerekezeredwa wina ndi mnzake. Akuti ma coefficients a mitundu ya Hareland ndi Motahhari mu kapangidwe kalikonse ka miyala adzakhala osiyanasiyana kuposa ma coefficients a chitsanzo cha Bingham, chifukwa mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za miyala sizimawerengedwa momveka bwino mu kapangidwe komaliza. Kuchita bwino kwa chitsanzo kumayesedwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasankhidwe chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha ROP cha dera la Bakken shale ku North Dakota.

Ma ROP model omwe akuphatikizidwa mu ntchitoyi ali ndi ma equation osasinthasintha omwe amagwirizana ndi magawo angapo obowola ndi kuchuluka kwa kubowola ndipo ali ndi ma coefficients oyeserera omwe amaphatikiza mphamvu ya njira zobowola zolimba, monga ma hydraulics, cutter-rock interactions, bit design, makhalidwe a bowo pansi, mtundu wa matope, ndi kuyeretsa mabowo. Ngakhale kuti ma ROP model achikhalidwe awa nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito bwino poyerekeza ndi deta ya m'munda, amapereka njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira ma model atsopano. Ma ROP model amakono, amphamvu kwambiri, okhala ndi ziwerengero omwe ali ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu amatha kupititsa patsogolo kulondola kwa ma ROP model. Gandelman (2012) wanena za kusintha kwakukulu mu ma ROP model pogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki a neural opangidwa m'malo mwa ma ROP achikhalidwe m'zitsime zamafuta m'mabowo amchere omwe ali ku Brazil. Ma netiweki a neural opangidwa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito bwino poneneratu za ROP m'ntchito za Bilgesu et al. (1997), Moran et al. (2010) ndi Esmaeili et al. (2012). Komabe, kusintha koteroko mu ma ROP model kumabwera chifukwa cha kutanthauzira kwa ma model. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yachikhalidwe ya ROP ikadali yofunikira ndipo imapereka njira yothandiza yowunikira momwe gawo linalake lobowolera limakhudzira kuchuluka kwa kulowa kwa zinthu.

ROPPlotter, pulogalamu yowonera deta ya m'munda ndi pulogalamu yowonetsera ROP yopangidwa mu Microsoft Excel VBA (Soares, 2015), imagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera ma coefficients a chitsanzo ndikuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito a chitsanzo.